Isifundo 1: Chaza ikhompyutha

Izinhlobo eziningi zamakhompyutha zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kulesi sifundo, uzofunda ukuthi yini ikhompyutha, izingxenye zekhompyutha, imisebenzi yezingxenye ezahlukahlukene, nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamakhompyutha.

Ekupheleni kwalesi sifundo uzokwazi uku:

•  Chaza imisebenzi yekhompyutha.
•  Hlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlaka zekhompyutha kanye ne-software.
• Chaza izingxenye eziyinhloko zekhompyutha nokusetshenziswa kwengxenye ngayinye.

Yini ikhompyutha?

Esikhathini samanje, amakhompyutha akhona yonke indawo, futhi siwasebenzisela imisebenzi eyahlukene. Asetshenziswa nxazonke zethu futhi ashintshe indlela esiphila ngayo ngezindlela eziningi. Ungawathola emsebenzini, ezitolo, ezibhedlela, ezikoleni nasekhaya. Ungawathola nasephaketheni lakho – umakhalekhukhwini wesimanje (smartphone) empeleni iyikhompyutha encane.

Ikhompyutha ngumshini osebenza ngogesi (electronic machine) okwazi ukucubungula, ukugcina, nokuthola imininingwane, ebizwa ngolwazi. Ungasebenzisa ikhompyutha ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, njengokubhala imibhalo njenge CV, ukudlala imidlalo (games), ukuthumela ama-imeyili, ukufunda amakhono amasha, ukuphequlula i-inthanethi, noma ukubuka amamuvi  (movies).

Izingxenye zekhompyutha

Wonke amakhompyutha aqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-hardware okuyisiqu sayo kanye ne-software okuyingaphakathi layo noma ukusebenza kwayo

I-Hardware ifaka zonke izingxenye zomzimba ongazibona futhi uzithinte. Isibonelo, isikirini (screen) kanye nezinkinobho ozisebenzisela ukubhala.

I-Hardware

Ake sibheke izingxenye eziyinhloko zesiqu sayo (hardware). Yize kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhompyutha, wonke anezingxenye ezifanayo zezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. I-hardware ifaka isisekelo, imonitha (monitor), izipikha, ikhibhodi kanye ne-mouse. Ingxenye ngayinye inenhloso esivumela ukuthi sisebenze futhi sihlanganyele nekhompyutha.

I-base “ubuchopho” bekhompyutha, izingxenye zomzimba ezicubungula ulwazi futhi zenze ukusebenza kwekhompyutha. Izibonelo zalezi zingxenye yi-CPU noma i-Central Processing Unit, i-motherboard, i-hard drive, kanye namayunithi agcina ulwazi oluphakathi kwi khompyutha, konke kusiza ikhompyutha ukuthi isebenze. Kubandakanya nezimbotshana  ezikuvumela ukuthi ufake ezinye izinto noma amadivayisi, njengama hedifoni (headphones) , i-USB drive noma umshini wokugaya amaphepha, iphrinta (printer). 

Imonitha (monitor) kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngesikirini- kuyingxenye yekhompiyutha ekhombisa okwenzayo, njengezithombe nombhalo, ukuze abayisebenzisayo bakubone. Kwezinye izimo, i-monitor iyisiqeshana esehlukile okufanele usixhumeke ngokomzimba kwikhompyutha yakho. Kwabanye, njengekhompyutha ephathekayo, yakhelwe kudivayisi yekhompyutha. Ku-smartphone, imonitha  iyisikrini sefoni.

Izipikha (speakers) zikuvumela ukuthi ulalele umsindo ovela kukhompyutha. Kwezinye izimo, njenge-smartphone  izipikha zakhelwe kwikhompyutha. Kwezinye izimo, kufanele uzixhumele wena ngokwakho izipikha kwikhompyutha yakho ukuze uzwe umsindo.

Ikhibhodi (keyboard) iyidivayisi esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nekhompyutha. Ungasebenzisa ikhibhodi ukuthayipha (type) izinhlamvu, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezilawula ikhompyutha ukuthi yenzeni. Amakhibhodi avame ukubonakala futhi anamathiselwe kukhompyutha. Ikhibhodi engabonakali  isebenzisa isikirini esithintwayo (touch screen), ikuvumela ukuthi uthayiphe ngokuthinta isikrini semonitha, njenge thebhulethi noma i-smartphone.

I-mouse iyithuluzi elibalulekile elisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nezinto eziboniswa esikrinini. Uma uhambisa i-mouse, nomcibisholo wayo esikrinini uyahamba, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ikhompyutha. Ungaxhuma i-mouse ekhompyutheni noma usebenzise i- touchpad eyakhelwe kuyo kwamanye amakhompyutha futhi yenza umsebenzi ofanayo.

Yize lezi zingxenye zingabonakala zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamakhompyutha, zenza umsebenzi ofanayo.

I-software

I-software izingxenye zekhompyutha ezingathinteki. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo noma imiyalo elawula ukuthi i-hardware isebenza kanjani, izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha, kanye nemininingwane (data) egcinwe kwikhompyutha.

Izinhlobo zamakhompyutha ezisetsheziswayo

Ungahlangabezana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhompyutha, kepha wonke anezinhloso ezifanayo: ukucubungula nokugcina imininingwane.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunobuhle nobubi balo, olwenza lulungele ukusetshenziselwa okuthile nezathu ezithile.Amakhompiyuth alhukahlukene kakhulu. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ngamakhompiyutha edeskithophu (desktop), ama-laptops nomakhalekhukwini. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi – njengama-calculator, ama-consoles okudlala, nama-smart TV – nawo angamakhompyutha. Izinhlobo zamakhompiyutha esiwasebenzisayo ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke zibizwa ngama-computer, noma ama-PC (Personal computers). Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamadivayisi wekhompyutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

I-Desktop

Ikhompyutha yedeskithophu yikhompyutha yomuntu qobo eyenzelwe ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ngokwesibonelo phezu kwedeski. Ikhompyutha yedeskithophu ngokuvamile inezincezu ezihlukene zeyunithi lesisekelo, i-monitor, izipikha, ikhibhodi ne-mouse. Lezi zingxenye kufanele zixhunywe kusetshenziswa izintambo. Amakhompyutha wedeskithophu kufanele axhunywe kugesi. Amakhompyutha wedeskithophu angase abe namandla amaningi okucubungula kanye nokumumatha umthamo omningi  kunamakhompyutha aphathekayo futhi awusizo ukuhlela (edit) ividiyo, ukwenza umculo we-elekthronikhi noma ukudlala imidlalo.

I-Laptop

I-laptop ikhompyutha ephathekayo, lapho zonke izingxenye zekhompyutha ziqukethwe kudivayisi eyodwa. Ama-laptops afaka izinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-monitor, ikhibhodi, isipikha ne-touchpad ye-mouse. Ama-laptops athola amandla ngebhethri, ngakho-ke awadingi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi axhunywe kugesi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa lapho usohambweni, esikoleni noma usebenza ekhaya.

Ithebhulethi (Tablet)

Ithebhulethi olunye uhlobo lwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu ephathekayo. Njenge-laptop, izingxenye zekhompyutha ziqukethwe kudivayisi eyodwa, kepha incane kunama-laptops amaningi, imvamisa, ubukhulu bencwadi. Ngenxa yobuncane nokuphatheka kalula, amathebulethi asetshenziselwa izinto zokuzijabulisa, njengokubuka ama-movie noma ukudlala imidlalo ezimotweni noma ematekisini. Ungafaka  ama-apps kumathebulethi akuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene

I-Smartphone

I-smartphone olunye uhlobo olujwayelekile lwedivayisi ephathekayo yekhompyutha, encane ngokwanele ukuthi ingaphathwa ngesandla. Ama-Smartphones ekuqaleni ayesetshenziselwa ukushaya izingcingo kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi weselula, kepha kulezi zinsuku asetshenziselwa okuningi. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ku-smartphone yakho ezikuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe, udlale imidlalo,upheqa iwebhu, uthumele ama-imeyili, ufunde amadokhumenti kanye nokuxhumanai ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, njenge-WhatsApp.Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zinhle ukuzisebenzisa lapho usohambweni, kodwa ngokuvamile azijulile  kakhulu njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ongazifaka kudeskithophu yakho noma kukhompyutha ephathekayo. Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi wekhompyutha ongazisebenzisa ukwenza izinto zenzeke.

Awuzibuze

Cabanga ngamakhompyutha onawo empilweni yakho. Uwasebenziselani? Ayiguqule kanjani impilo yakho?