Isifundo 1: Ukuxhumana

Kulesi sifundo, uzofunda kabanzi nge-intanethi, ukuthi iyini, nokuthi ungaxhuma kanjani kuyo.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sifundo uzokwazi uku:

• Chaza i-inthanethi
• Chaza ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-intanethi
• Chaza izindlela zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi
• Xhuma idivayisi ye-Windows 10 ku-inthanethi usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi

Yini i-intanethi?

I-inthanethi (the internet) yinethiwekhi enkulu yomhlaba wonke yamakhompyutha namadivayisi. Nge-inthanethi, ungaxhumana futhi ukhulume nabantu emhlabeni wonke. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-inthanethi ukuthola nokwabelana ngolwazi oluyingcebo.

Yini inethiwekhi?

Inethiwekhi (network) yinoma yiliphi iqoqo lamadivayisi elixhunywe komunye nomunye. Njengokuxhumana kwabantu lapho umuntu oyedwa exhunywe kothile ngomngane womunye, inethiwekhi yekhompyutha yakha ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi.

Noma iyiphi idivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi inendlela yokuxhumana nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Kunamanethiwekhi afana nalawa madivayisi wokuxhuma emadolobheni nakomakhelwane emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuxhumana kungaba ukusetshenziswa izintambo, ukungasetshenziswa (ngaphandle kwezintambo), njenge ngokuxhumana kwefoni. Wonke lawa manethiwekhi axhumene namanye amanethiwekhi, akha inethiwekhi eyodwa enkulu umhlaba jikelele esiyibiza nge-intanethi.

Uma ungena ku-inthanethi noma uxhuma ku-inthanethi, ujoyina le nethiwekhi futhi uyakwazi ukufinyelela kulo lonke ulwazi olutholakala ku-intanethi. Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ku-inthanethi, kusuka ekuthumeleni ama-imeyili, ekufuneni ulwazi, noma ekuxoxeni ngevidiyo nomngani. Singafunda futhi sabelane ngolwazi, nokunye okuningi.

Xhuma ku-inthanethi

Ukuthola imininingwane nokuxhumana nge-inthanethi, udinga kuqala ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga idivayisi ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi, njenge-Wifi noma idatha yeselula. Amadivayisi ajwayelekile afaka phakathi ama-laptops, amakhompyutha wedeskithophu, iselula, namathebulethi. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuthi amadivayisi afana namathelevishini, ama-consoles wokudlala (games consoles), amaphrinta, amasistimu e-alamu manje asengaxhunywa kwi-inthanethi.

Ukuxhumana okunentambo (Wired connections)

Ukuze ungene ku-inthanethi, udinga ukuxhuma kwamanye amanethiwekhi. Amadivayisi ahlukene asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma. Uma usebenzisa ikhompyutha yedeskithophu e-internet cafe, ungahle ube nokuxhumeka kwentambo kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela i-inthanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhebuli, noma intambo, ezoxhunywa kudivayisi yakho izoxhumeka ngokoqobo kwenye idivayisi exhuma ku-inthanethi. Lokhu ngokuvamile intambo ye-Ethernet. Amanye amadivaysi, njengama khompuyutha aphathekayo, anezimbobo zokuxhuma ngezintambo kodwa angaxhuma ku-inthanethi ngokungenantambo, esebenzisa i-Wi-Fi.

Ukuxhumana okungenantambo (Wireless connections)

Uma usebenzisa izinto eziphathwayo ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, namathebulethi, ungase uxhume ku-inthanethi usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi, ukuxhumana olungenantambo. Udinga nje ukunika amandla i-Wi-Fi kudivayisi yakho, khetha igama lenethiwekhi okwazi ukuyifinyelela, futhi uzoxhunywa kunethiwekhi ngokungenantambo.

Amanethiwekhi amaningi akha i-inthanethi ukuze itholwe yiwo wonke umuntu endaweni angawafinyelela. Ungasebenzisa i-Wi-Fi avulekile ezikhumulweni zezindiza, ezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Kwesinye isikhathi, uzohlangana namanethiwekhi angasese. Lawa manethiwekhi adinga imvume yokujoyina. Kulokhu, isikhungo sinikeza iphasiwedi kulabo abagunyaziwe ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi. Isibonelo, isitolo sekhofi noma indawo yokudlela inganikeza amakhasimende iphasiwedi ukuze akwazi ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi kumadivayisi wawo.

Uma uthenga uhlelo lwedatha ngenkampani yenethiwekhi yeselula yakho, ungaphinda uxhumeke ku-inthanethi ngokungenantambo, usebenzisa amanethiwekhi eselulai. Lokhu kubizwa nge-mobile broadband. Lezi zinketho zikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele kwi-inthanethi ngenkathi usohambweni, ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenzisa amakhebuli.

Xhuma kunethiwekhi engenantambo (Connect to a wireless network)

Ungadinga ukuxhuma idivayisi ephathekayo ku-inthanethi uma usohambweni noma usendaweni yesikhashana. Ungaxhuma kwi-inthanethi ngaphandle kwentambo, usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi.

Ake sidlule ezinyathelweni zokuxhuma kunethiwekhi, usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi ne-smartphone sakho. Uzolandela inqubo efanayo ukuxhuma ku-Wi-Fi kusuka kwi-laptop noma kuthebhulethi yakho.

1. Okokuqala, iya kums-settings efonini yakho. Uzothola uhla lwento ebizwa nge-Wi-Fi. Chofoza kulokhu bese uvula i-Wi-Fi yakho ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi Vuliwe. Isithonjana se-Wi-Fi sizovela phezulu esikrinini sakho. Lokhu kuzokwenziwa impunga uma ungaxhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi futhi kugqamile noma kumhlophe uma uxhumekile.
2. I-smartphone sakho manje isizoskena (scan) amanethiwekhi atholakalayo e-Wi-Fi endaweni eseduze. Imvamisa, amandla okudonsa (signal) ayanda kwi-Wi-Fi, iba ngcono futhi isheshe ixhumeke kwi-inthanethi. Lokhu kushiwo yimigoqo kusithonjana se-Wi-Fi kunethiwekhi ngayinye. Imigoqo eminingi ikhona ku-logo, isignali iya ngokuqina.
3. Ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi, chofoza “Connect”. I-smartphone yakho izozama ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi ekhethiwe. 
4. Uma kuyinethiwekhi evikelekile, uzocelwa ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi.Thayipha ebhokisini lephasiwedi bese ukhetha  “Connect”.

Awuzibuze

Izindawo eziningi ezifana nomtapowolwazi  wangakini zinikeza nge-WiFi yamahhala. Ungawasebenzisa kanjani lamasevisi ukuze wonge kudatha?