Isifundo 2: Phequlula iwebhu (Browse the web)

Kulesi sifundo, uzofunda nge-World Wide Web, ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani iwebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu (web browser), nokuthi ungakuqedela kanjani ngokuphepha ukuthengiselana okuku-inthanethi.

Isingeniso

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-intanethi yi-World Wide Web, ebizwa nangokuthi yiwebhu (the web). Abantu abaningi basebenzisa amagama i-inthanethi kanye newebhu ukubhekisa entweni efanayo, kepha bahlukile komunye nomunye.

Ekupheleni kwalesi sufindo uzokwazi uku:

• Chaza i-World Wide Web nokuthi yehluke kanjani kwi-inthanethi
• Chaza umsebenzi wesiphequluli sewebhu
• Finyelela kokuqukethwe kwedijithali kuwebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli
• Zula phakathi kwamakhasi ewebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu (web browser)
• Qedela ngokuphepha ukuthengiselana okuyisisekelo online

I-World Wide Web

I-inthanethi yinethiwekhi exhuma amadivayisi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenza izinto eziningi zenzeke, futhi enye yazo i-World Wide Web. I-World Wide Web, eyaziwa njenge-web, uhlelo olusivumela ukuthi siseshe, sishicilele okuqukethwe, sithole ulwazi kanye nokwenza  izinto ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi.

I–World Wide Web iqoqo lamadokhumenti nezinsizakusebenza abantu abangafinyelela kuzo futhi bazisebenzise. Sifinyelela kwiwebhu ngokusebenzisa i-inthanethi. Amadokhumenti akuwebhu abizwa ngokuthi amakhasi ewebhu. Ethula ulwazi ngendlela yokuthi abasebenzisa iwebhu beyibone kalula futhi beyisebenzise.

Amakhasi ewebhu (Web pages)

Ikhasi lewebhu lokuqala kakhulu emhlabeni, elenziwe ngo-1989, lalicacile. Kwakunombhalo olula omnyama nomhlophe ngaphandle kwemidiya noma izitayela,njengombhalo ogqamile noma odwetshelwe (bold  or underlined text). Amakhasi ewebhu anamuhla aya ngokuya ayaheha futhi athuthukile.

Kunamakhasi e-web  asetshenziselwa  okuhlukahlukene, njengokufunda lokho umuntu akubhala kubhulogi (blog) yakhe, ukulalela umculo kanye nokubhuka amathikithi okuhamba. Sisebenzisa iwebhu, singafinyelela cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi chofoza inkinobho.

Lonke ikhasi lewebhu linekheli elihlukile kwi-inthanethi, elibizwa nge-URL noma i-Uniform Resource Locator. Ukubuka ikhasi lewebhu, sithayipha i-URL yayo kumathuluzi abizwa ngokuthi iziphequluli zewebhu (web browsers). I-Web browsers (Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, Microsoft Edge, Firefox nokunye)  ithumela izicelo kwi-inthanethi ukuthola amakhasi e-web bese zingena ezikrinini zamadivayisi ukuze sizibuke futhi sisebenze ngazo.

Phequlula iwebhu (Browse the web)

Iziphequluli zewebhu zingamathuluzi asivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukufinyelela nokuxhumana nokuqukethwe kuwebhu.
Zenza kube lula ngathi ukufinyelela kulwazi oluku-inthanethi nokuxhumana namawebhusayithi. Iziphequluli zewebhu yizinhlelo zokusebenza, okusho ukuthi ungazifaka kukhompyutha yakho noma ifoni yakho. Kukhona iziphequluli zewebhu ezahlukahlukene emakethe. Ezinye ezaziwa kakhulu yi-Google Chrome, Opera neMozilla Firefox.

Ukusebenzisa i-browser

Ake sibheke ukuthi ungangena kanjani futhi uhlanganyele kanjani newebhusayithi, usebenzisa i-browser ye-Microsoft Edge. Hlala wazi ukuthi, uma usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesiphequluli, ungenza izinhlobo ezifanayo zemisebenzi. Izinto zingahle zibukeke futhi ziziphathe kancane ngokuhlukile kwi-browser oyisebenzisayo.

Ukungena kuwebhusayithi, faka i-URL noma i-web address phezulu kwe-browser bese ucindezela u-Enter. I-browser ilayisha ikhasi lewebhu, futhi liboniswa ewindini. Ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa ibha yokuhambisa ukupheqa phansi ikhasi bese uxhumana nazo zonke izinto zekhasi.

Amakhasi ewebhu ngokuvamile aqukethe ama-hyperlinks angena kwamanye amasayithi. Ama-hyperlink anama-URL kwamanye amakhasi. Uma uchofozai-hyperlink, isiphequluli sivula lelo khasi lewebhu ewindini. Uma ufuna ukubuyela ekhasini eledlule, ungasebenzisa inkinobho ethi Emuva ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele sesiphequluli. Ukuzulazula futhi emuva ekhasini lokugcina obukade ukulo, ungasebenzisa inkinobho yokudlulisela phambili. Ukugwema ukusebenzisa lezi zinkinobho zokuhamba, ungavula ama-hyperlink kumathebhu ahlukene.

Amathebhu (tabs) asivumela ukuvula amakhasi ewebhu amaningi ngasikhathi sinye ewindini elifanayo lesiphequluli. Ukuvula i-hyperlink kuthebhu entsha, chofoza ngakwesokudla kusixhumanisi bese ukhetha “Open in New Tab”. Uma unamathebhu amaningi avuliwe efasiteleni, izihloko zekhasi ngalinye lewebhu ziyaboniswa phezulu kwewindi. Ungavula ithebhu entsha engenalutho ngokuchofoza inkinobho ka-New Tab Futhi singavula amakhasi ewebhu kumawindi ahlukene.

Ukuvula i-hyperlink ewindini elisha, chofoza kwesokudla ku-hyperlink bese ukhetha “Open in New Window”. Ukuze uvule iwindi lesiphequluli elingenalutho, thola Amasethingi kanye nemenyu (Settings and More menu) engaphezulu ngaphezulu ngakwesokudla kwewindi lesiphequluli, bese ukhetha iwindi elisha

Ungakwazi ukulandela umkhondo wamakhasi ewebhu owavakashelayo ngokusebenzisa i-History yesiphequluli. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele kumlando wesiphequluli sakho, futhi uzobona uhlu lwamakhasi ewebhu owavakashele, ahlelwe ngosuku. Ungasula amakhasi ewebhu kusuka ku-akhawunti yakho noma kunini lapho uthanda khona, ngokuchofoza okuthi Sula Obukwenza “Clear History”.

Amathiphu okuthenga ku-inthanethi

Enye yezinto eziningi esingayenza online ukuthengiselana nge-e-commerce. Iwebhu isivumela ukuthi sithenge futhi senze ukuthengiselana oku-inthanethi kusuka kumakhompyutha noma ama-smartphone ethu cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthenga ku-inthanethi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukude ngokomzimba nomhlinzeki womkhiqizo owufunayo, noma mhlawumbe ufisa ukufinyelela ngokushesha ezitolo nasemikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Noma ngabe siyini isizathu, ukuthenga nge-inthanethi kungakuvumela ukuthi uthenge ngokushesha, kalula nangokuvikelekile.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga

Ngaphambi kokungena kuwebhusayithi ukuze uthenge, kubalulekile ukukhomba umkhiqizo owudingayo nokuthi ungawuthenga kuphi. Kunamapulatifomu amaningi nabathengisi ongabathemba ku-inthanethi (isibonelo. www.takealot.com). Ngakho-ke, yenza ucwaningo oluku-inthanethi ukuthola okuqukethwe okungakusiza unqume ukuthi uwuthenge kuphi umkhiqizo owufunayo. Ungasesha iwebhu ukuthola izibuyekezo ezibhalwe abanye abathenga umkhiqizo noma insiza oyifunayo. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kungakusiza unqume ukuthi ngabe umkhiqizo noma insizakalo inokwethenjelwa nokuthi ilingana kahle yini ngezidingo zakho.

Yenza i-akhawunti

Ngokuya kwendawo othenga kuyo, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-akhawunti ngaphambi kokuthenga. Njengenjwayelo, qaphela lapho wabelana ngolwazi lwakho wenza i-akhawunti. Ungalokothi wabelane ngemininingwane yakho engaphezulu kwemininingwane yokuthumela nokukhokha edingekayo ekuthengeni, futhi njalo qiniseka ukuthi ukwisayithi ethembekile. 

Thola umkhiqizo owufunayo

Lapho usuthathe isinqumo sokuthi ufuna ukuthenga ini futhi wakhomba umthengisi ongamthemba, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala inqubo yokuthenga. Amawebhusayithi amaningi e-commerce enza kube lula ukubhekabheka imikhiqizo usebenzisa imikhakha, noma ukucinga imikhiqizo ethile usebenzisa i-search bar. Ukuphequlula ngezigaba zemikhiqizo kungakusiza ekutholeni umkhiqizo noma insizakalo yakho; liphinde likubonise okunye okunikezwayo. Kuwumqondo omuhle futhi ukuqhathanisa amanani nezinqubomgomo kusuka kumawebhusayithi noma kubathengisi abambalwa ngaphambi kokuthenga kwakho.

Lapho usutholile okufunayo, ungangeza kutroli yakho yokuthenga, noma enqoleni (shopping cart). Njengetroli ephathekayo esitolo, inqola yokuthenga eku-inthanethi igcina umthamo wemikhiqizo ohlela ukuyithenga. Uma usungeze imikhiqizo enqoleni yakho yokuthenga, usukulungele ukuphuma (check out).

Qedela ukuthenga

Ngaphambi kokukhokha, qiniseka ukuthi uzijwayeza iwaranti yesikhulumi se-e-commerce, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukukhokhisa kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuthumela. Lezi zinqubomgomo zizokusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ongayenza uma uthola umkhiqizo ongafanele, unganelisekile ngomkhiqizo, noma ungathanda ukubuyisa imali. Uma uthenga umkhiqizo wedijithali, qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi uyithola kanjani ikhophi  ngemuva kokuthenga.

Ukuze uqedele inqubo yokuphuma (check out),  kuzofanele unikeze imininingwane yakho yokuxhumana, imininingwane yokukhokha (njengenombolo ye- credit card), nekheli lakho lokuthumela umangabe u-ode imikhiqizo ephathekayo yokulethwa. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinkokhelo ku-intanethi, qinisekisa ukuthi isayithi ivikelekile futhi ithembekile. Umthetho omuhle ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-URL ekhonjiswa kubha yekheli iqala ngo-HTTPS. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iwebhusayithi ivikelekile. Ukwengeza, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuqedela ukukhokha  ku-inthanethi ngenethiwekhi yomphakathi ye-Wi-Fi njengoba lezi zingavikelekile futhi amasela angase akwazi ukubona imininingwane yakho yokukhokha.

 Lapho ukuthenga kwakho sekuqediwe, kufanele uthole amadokhumende wokuthengiselana, njengokuqinisekisa noma irisidi nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS. Ungalandelela isikhathi sokufika kwe-oda lakho ngesikhathi njengoba lingena ekhelini lakho.

Uma usebenzisa i-inthanethi ngokuphepha, i-e-commerce ikungaba yindlela elula yokuthenga nokuthengisa imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo kwikhompyutha noma i-smartphone.

Awuzibuze

Ingabe kukhona okuthengile ku-inthanethi? Iyiphi iwebhusayithi oyisebenzisile? Ingabe umkhiqizo ulethwe njengoba bekulindelekile?